The Cid Essay Paper Example For Students

The Cid Essay Paper A monologue from the play by Pierre Corneille NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from The Cid. Trans. Roscoe Mongan. New York: Hinds Noble, 1896. INFANTA: Do I remember whose daughter I am? Of course. I remember it so well, that I would shed my blood rather than degrade my rank. I might assuredly answer to thee, that, in noble souls, worth alone ought to arouse passions; and, if my love sought to excuse itself, a thousand famous examples might sanction it. But I will not follow thesewhere my honor is concerned, the captivation of my feelings does not abate my courage, and I say to myself always, that, being the daughter of a king, all other than a monarch is unworthy of me. When I saw that my heart could not protect itself, I myself gave away that which I did not dare to take; and I put, in place of myself, Chimene in its fetters, and I kindled their passions in order to extinguish my own. Be then no longer surprised if my troubled soul with impatience awaits their bridal; thou seest that my happiness this day depends on it. If love lives by hope, it perishes with it; it is a fire which becomes extinguished for want of fuel; a nd, in spite of the severity of my sad lot, if Chimene ever has Rodrigo for a husband, my hope is dead and my spirit is healed. Meanwhile, I endure an incredible torture; even up to this bridal, Rodrigo is dear to me; I strive to lose him, and I lose him with regret, and hence my secret anxiety derives its origin. I see with sorrow that love compels me to utter sighs for that which I must disdain. I feel my spirit divided into two portions; if my courage is high, my heart is inflamed. This bridal is fatal to me, I fear it, and I desire it; I dare not hope from it only an incomplete joy; my honor and my love have for me such attractions, that I die whether it be accomplished, or whether it be not accomplished. We will write a custom essay on The Cid Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

The centuries, developments in transportation and communications technologies The WritePass Journal

The centuries, developments in transportation and communications technologies Introduction: The centuries, developments in transportation and communications technologies Introduction:References:Related Introduction: Throughout the centuries, developments in transportation and communications technologies have weakened the barriers of space and time and brought people progressively closer together (Isard, 2005, p.3). Along with the increasing connectedness, the cooperation of international trade, economy, education and cultures also have become integrated, and this progress can be defined as globalization. The economic area perhaps is the most significance symbol of globalization. A well-regulated financial market is the cornerstone of the global economy. As an indispensable part of economic globalization, financial globalization plays a key role in promoting the economic development and stability. According to a number of policies and methods, it could help to raise the growth rate in developing economies through foreign direct investment, risk management, technical assistance and so on. However, the financial globalization not always show the positive effects, financial crisis could leads to pan ic and economic depression, even develop into a disaster. Therefore, global economy can profit from getting a clearly perspective of financial globalization, and to make global economy system work better. This essay describes the increasingly developing period of financial globalization through two significant organizations, and then discusses the benefits of it. For the developing economies, several strategic policy measures and organizations are established to avoid international economic disorder and promote global cooperation. In recent decades, high capital mobility and a great deal of gross international financial flows are the results of the increasingly significant financial globalization, especially in the developing economies (Obadan, 2006, p.317). In this aspect, private capital flows to developing countries increased dramatically from US ï ¼â€ž62 billion in 1991 to almost USï ¼â€ž226 billion in 2000, and falling to USï ¼â€ž160 billion in 2001(World Bank, 2002, p.32). Also, according to Obadan (2006, p.317), â€Å"between 1997 and 2000, cross-border capital flows increased from less than 3% of GDP to 17% for advanced economies and from virtually nothing to about 5% for developing economies†. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the World Bank) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) are two main or ganizations, which promote global cooperation and avoid international economic disorder. The World Bank was established to finance economic reconstruction and development. The IMF has four purposes first of all, it promotes international monetary cooperation. it also facilitates the expansion of international trade. To be specific, the IMF creates employment opportunities, improves real income and develops the productive resources. Thirdly, it maintains an orderly exchange rate system. Lastly, the IMF makes some financial resources available to members to decrease the balance of payment adjustment (Isard, 2005, p.69). Until now, there are 187 countries participated in this organization to promote international monetary cooperation (IMF, 2011). Financial globalization boosts the economic development through economic reforms and financial liberalization and capital markets able to access private global capital markets. The increasing trans-border financial flows through various channels contribute to integrate the financial markets into a global whole. And a myriad of benefits come from the development of global financial integration. One benefit of financial globalization, for the developing countries, is improving access provides a rich source of capital at a lower cost. And abundant capital makes increase potentially productive and creditworthy projects available (Das, 2010, p.100). Take the emerging-market economies (EMES) as an example, EMES are able to provide more cheaper loans than main lending markets. Secondly, the advanced industrial economies not only can get higher rates of return due to the cheaper loan interest rate, but also can diversify risk by investing in the EMES. Thirdly, a growing number of branches of financial institutions, which come from advanced industrial economies, improve the level of efficiency of local institutions with the increasingly fierce competition (Das, 2010, p.101). Fourthly, governments also profit from the competition. The authorities learn the value of market discipline and pay for the policy mistakes and establish new macroeconomic policy discipline (Das, 2010, p. xvii). As an inevitable part of financial globalization, the global financial crisis showed the huge negative effects on world’s economies. Past episodes of financial globalization were all success cases for contributing to financial stability and supporting high growth of economy, yet they all meet the crises. On 15 September 2008, Lehman Brothers, which was the fourth largest investment bank in the USA, declared bankruptcy, and this lead to the financial crisis spilled over globally (Das, 2010, p.127). The bankruptcy of this excellent investment bank shocked the financial world, causing panic in the global financial system. At this point, a great deal of the world’s largest banks were short of money, even some of them were near collapsed. However, why the current crisis happened so suddenly after more than 15 years of successful growth of the global economy? One major course of this financial crisis was the built-up of risk. Some banks and financial institutions over puddle the sub-prime mortgage because of greedy, even they lent money to some people who had problems repaying the loans. This lead to excessive risk was built-up in the global financial system for a long time, and this bubble burst until the risk was too high to afford (Das, 2010, p.132). With the financial cooperation closer and closer, this current crisis was widespread. According to IMF (2009), there were 78 countries recorded negative GDP growth in 2009. More and more economies realized that this crisis was totally a disaster of global economy, and they started to look for some measures to deal with it. Global crisis requires a global solution, for this reason, many countries and economies worked together to solve problems. For instance, Chinese government and American Government provided $ 600 billion and $ 700 billion separately to stimulate economic development. On the other hand, the IMF and the World Bank published a series of polices and provided much cheaper loans to encourage economic recovery immediately. Obviously, financial globalization plays a key role in economic globalization, and boosts the economic development. It leads to high capital mobility and a large volume of international financial flows. Financial globalization results in several benefits on the economic growth.   It also shows some negative effect on the global economy simultaneously, particularly the serious financial crises. However, the key challenge is not to resolve whether the advantages outweigh the disadvantages but to find effective measures to address the problems, which are caused by the financial globalization, to make the process of financial globalization work better (Isard, 2005, p.6). References: Das, D. K., 2010. Financial globalization: growth, integration, innovation and crisis. London: Palgrave Macmillan. International Monetary Fund, 2009. World Economic Outlook. Washington. DC. April. International Monetary Fund, 2011. About the IMF. (Updated 23 May 2011) Available at: imf.org/external/about.htm [Accessed 24 May 2011]. Isard, P., 2005. Globalization and the International Financial System. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Obadan, M.I., 2006. Globalization of finance and the challenge of national financial sector development. Journal of Asia Economics. 17, pp.316-332. World Bank, 2002. World development indicators. Washington, DC: The World Bank.

Finance memo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Finance memo - Essay Example The objective of weekly loan facility was to promote liquidity in the treasury and security markets, which could result in advanced occupation of financial markets. The TALF was announced in the month of November 2008. The prime objective of this facility was to provide a funding facility to meet the needs of small and domestic businesses through the support of issuance of asset-backed securities. The TSLF is in contrast to the conventional monetary policy used by the Federal Reserve used to answer the disruptions of the credit market. TSLF creates support of liquidity for the primary dealers where they are operating. TSLF was used in contrast to the conventional interest rate policy where the Federal Reserve eyes to increase the rate of interest at which the interbank dealing takes place. The Federal Reserve had to carry out asset purchases of large scale in order to increase interest rates. (Advisers) TALF is considered as a monetary policy tool by the Federal Reserve as it was aimed at reopening of the securitization market in order to improve the access towards the credit instruments for the small and household businesses. (Brown) This has given a rise to the consumer and small business lending where the investors have gained a lot of confidence in the ability of the market to function without the support of the government. It was noticed that by March 2009, the percentage of purchase of the asset backed securities using TALF was around 60%.

OLM Individual ASSIGNMENT Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

OLM Individual - Assignment Example These include process design and structure, human resource management, product design, location, capacity planning, supply-chain strategy, and partnering with outside agencies. Based on these factors, proven practices and principles have been linked with activities in operations management of the fast food concept that can help in achieving sustainability in the competitive market and the firm’s corporate strategy. According to Hill (1991), ‘The production/operations management (POM) task is concerned with the transformation process which takes inputs and converts them into outputs, together with the various support functions closely associated with this basic task’ (cited Brown, 2000; p.7). Such transformation processes can be applied to three main categories, materials, customers and information. Brown (2000) describes that Operations Management encompasses the most vital activities of production, beginning from and including, planning and design, production processes of goods and services, and also effective integration of marketing, finance, human resources management and strategy in order to enable a business to enter and compete with both new and existing markets. In other words, a business’s success and sustainability largely depend on the operational capabilities, including efficiency and quality. Based on a case adopted from Brown (2000; p.1), an attempt to establish a relationship between strategy and operations management through different ways in which an organization’s operations can add value to the delivery of goods and services has been coherently illustrated. The case is about ‘Sunnyside Up,’ a fast food concept in UK, a responsibility given to Chris Cowls, a former Franchise Director of Burger King. Chris Cowls and this team is responsible for designing and setting up the Sunnyside Up in UK market which already has well-established McDonalds

Corporate Risk Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Corporate Risk Management - Essay Example In recent years, and especially after the global economic crisis, it is an observation that some governments are endeavoring to reduce expenses so that they can cope with the crisis in different sectors. The Saudi government has concluded that operating a medical hospital by private companies result in the increment of costs for the government. Therefore, the government decided to begin operation of hospitals publicly to reduce expenses, as well as, to increase the quality of medical services provided to the people. This decision put some companies in big trouble because it was a sudden decision that were relying on only the operation of hospitals as their financial source. At the end of 2008, experts witnessed anger of the public in Saudi Arabia due to lack of quality services of some companies associated with the field of medical operation of government hospitals. Government, as well as public noted that companies were not able to provide services equivalent to that of the government contracts. Therefore, the Saudi government issued a surprising decision to prohibit companies from running public hospitals, which led to the annoyance of associated companies that caused termination of the employment contracts with huge number of staff. In this section, I will identify the basis of the problem, as well as determine the extent of the problem and its impact on the specific company. In addition, the paper will attempt to discuss confrontations of this risk and the way company resolved this risk in an efficient manner. For such purpose, graph including factors of the risk management cycle will provide a comprehensive understanding of the issue. The first phase of the cycle of risk management is identification of risk and factors that caused the risk and circumstances that promoted the occurrence of risk. Although the dependence on a specific investment seems a

Factors to Develop a Doctor-Patient Relationship

Factors to Develop a Doctor-Patient Relationship Patients and Health care Professionals need to communicate about many different aspects of health and illness. With reference to a specific example, outline the factors that the health professionals would need to consider when preparing to discuss this issue with a patient. The medical consultation is considered to be one of the most important phases in the care of a patient (Bennet, 1979; Beck et al., 2001). Especially in long term illnesses, health care professionals have a close relationship with their patients; the main reason is because of the nature of this relationship itself, as they are both involved in illness in their own different ways (Bennet, 1979; Ong et al., 1995; Pendleton Hasler, 1983; Molleman et al., 1984; Morrison, 1994; Usherwood, 1999). Through this relationship, health professionals and patients are constantly exchanging information (Ong et al., 1995; Morrison, 1994; Usherwood, 1999); patients are the ones who experience illness and discomfort, and are seeking for both care (feeling that health care professionals know and understand them) and cure (need to define the health problem), (Stimson Webb, 1975; Usherwood, 1999; Ong et al., 1995), whereas health professionals are the ones with the knowledge, experience and the ability to help patients (Bennet, 1979; Messer Meldrum, 1995; Usherwood, 1999). Therefore, physicians and patients are interdependent and influence each other during their interactions (Stimson Webb, 1975; Bennet, 1979; Ong et al., 1995; Pendleton Hasler, 1983; Leigh Reiser, 1985). In order to have a functional doctor-patients relationship, an effective medical consultation and better health outcomes, good communication between physicians and patients is required (Ong et al., 1995; Stewart, 1995). As research indicates, the need for good communication is greater when it is between physicians and patients with fatal medical diseases, such as cancer (Molleman et al., 1984; Ong et al., 1995; Ong et al., 1999). Therefore, health professionals’ role is even more important, since they will need to be prepared for the consultation. Before their meeting, both patients and health care professionals have expectations and anticipations for the consultation and of course are preparing for their face to face interaction (Stimson Webb, 1975; Leigh Reiser, 1985). Health professionals have several subjects to consider and be prepared for, before any cancer consultation, such as medical information that need to be discussed during their interaction with cancer patients , but also factors that may influence their between interaction and communication (Stimson Webb, 1975; Faulkner Maguire, 1994). To begin with, the first factor that health care professionals should consider and be prepared for, before the meeting, is the patients’ emotional state, which can affect both the course and outcome of a consultation (Faulkner Maguire, 1994). The patients’ mood is influenced by numerous factors, such as their current medical condition and experience of illness, their personal information, such as age, culture, education or even the received support from their social networks (Faulkner Maguire, 1994; Suinn VandenBos, 2000; Lin et al., 2003). Bearing all these factors in mind, physicians should understand that working with cancer patients can be challenging and emotionally difficult (Faulkner Maguire, 1994). Although physicians cannot foresee their patients’ mood for their upcoming consultation, they can be prepared for different scenarios and think of different strategies of how to professionally handle difficult situations and yet provide the best quality care (Faulkner Maguire, 1994). First of all, one of the most difficult aspects when consulting with a patient is the breaking of bad news or having to answer difficult questions, for example questions regarding life expectancy and death (Buckman, 1984; Faulkner Maguire, 1994). When informing cancer patients about the severity of their condition, the amount of information to be shared with the cancer patient, depends on the patient himself, for example, cancer patients are often unaware of their condition or patient does not want to be informed about the severity of his/hers condition (Faulkner Maguire, 1994; Maguire, 1999). Nevertheless, the approach which is used to present bad news to the cancer patient, is extremely impor tant, since it can influence not only their way of coping with the psychological impact of the cancer, but also it can influence their future adjustment to both the cancer and the treatment (Fallowfield et al., 1990). According to Fujimori and Uchitomi (2009), when patients receive bad news, they want afterwards, their physicians to be supportive as this can help them relieve their emotional distress. Therefore, it is important for health care professionals to consider whether their patient would like to know about the severity of their condition and be prepared not only to inform their patients but also to listen to their concerns and support them. Furthermore, when patients are dealing with a new unknown and therefore frightening situation, they are hoping that through the consultation their need for information will be covered and that they would be able to ask questions and get answers from their physician (Molleman et al., 1984; Faulkner Maguire, 1994). Most of the times, the questions asked from cancer patients are awkward and often reflect the patients’ fears and worries, but also indicate that the patient is thinking and is troubled by the idea of death (Faulkner Maguire, 1994). Even though answering these difficult questions can be challenging for health care professionals, it is important to make sure that patient’s need for information is established. Giving information to cancer patients, is an indication that physician is paying attention and understands their needs, and therefore help reduce feelings of uncertainty and fear (Molleman et al., 1984). Another difficult situation which health care professionals must be prepared to face is their patient’s psychological mood (Faulkner Maguire, 1994). It is very common that cancer patients may be withdrawn and often overwhelmed with feelings of hopelessness and helplessness or even experience anger, which is often a form of defense mechanism (Maguire et al. 1993; Faulkner Maguire, 1994). However, it is essential that patients’ psychological condition is assessed if it is consider dangerous for the patients’ condition (Maguire et al. 1993; Faulkner Maguire, 1994). Moreover, before meeting with cancer patients, practitioners need to bear in mind that they both arrive at the meeting with different knowledge and skills (Leigh Reiser, 1985). During consultations physicians may use medical jargon, which is difficult to be understood by cancer patients (Bennet, 1979; Leigh Reiser, 1985). According to Leigh and Reiser (1985), there is the risk that patients may jump to their own conclusions through what they believe they heard or what they understood physicians told them. As a result, the use of medical definitions may lead to unwanted non-communication and misinterpretation between physicians and patients (Leigh Reiser, 1985; Fallowfield Jenkins, 1999; Chapman et al., 2003). Even when patients are properly informed about their conditions, and their options, it is often difficult for the patients to remember all the information they were given, due to the complexity of these information (Kessels, 2003). As mention by Kessels (2003), the use of written language may help improve to remember and better understand the information given during a consultation. Therefore, it would be useful if health care professionals have prepared or found some leaflets or even written down essential information and instruction (when medication is required), that may help their patients. Thus, health professionals need to be prepared to explain the condition to the patient and be as specific as possible, with the use of nontechnical language, but more importantly to ensure that their patient has understood and has received sufficient information (Leigh Reiser, 1985; Faulkner Maguire, 1994; Ong et al., 1995). Furthermore, health care professionals do not interact and talk only to their patients; most of the times during a consultation a member of the family or a close friend are also present to support the cancer patient but also to get information about the condition of their loved ones (Labrecque et al., (1991); Delvaux et al., 2005). Even though family and friends can influence the way a patient understands and experiences illness (Usherwood, 1999; Delvaux et al., 2005) and are usually involved in decision making, their opinions and views are often not considered (Dowsett et al., 2000). However, with the possibility of the presence of a relative, health care professionals need to consider how the course and outcome of the consultation may be affected, as well as how to treat possible unwanted behavior on behalf of the relative. There are only a few studies, examining the possible negative effects of the presence of a relative during a cancer consultation. Though, a research conducted b y Labrecque et al., (1991) showed that, cancer patients who had a consultation with a family member present were less satisfied with that meeting. Furthermore, physicians are often unable to handle a three person consultation, due to the difficulties that arise from this situation (Delvaux et al., 2005), as it requires special skills that are difficult to practice and the interaction is often more stressful than a normal doctor-patient consultation (Bragard et al., 2006). When a relative is present, the health care professional has to consider not only the needs of the cancer patients but the needs of the relative as well (Delvaux et al., 2005; Lienard et al., 2008). As the research by Labrecque et al., (1991) showed, when a family member was present, consultations lasted longer and the health care professionals were likely to share more information, however they showed more emotional support to cancer patients when they were not accompanied by a relative. Even though each consultation differs and may require more time, these findings show the need for consistency in the information giving (always according to the needs of the patient) and support provided to the cancer patient, regardless the presence of a relative. It essential, before the consultation, for the physician to be prepared to share information, consult and be supportive, whether his patient is alone or not. To conclude with, the communication and consultation between health care professionals and cancer patients are challenging and often emotionally difficult for both (Faulkner Maguire, 1994; Bragard et al., 2006). Though, health professionals are trained and have acquired both knowledge and skills to cope with difficulties, they might face while working with cancer patients (Faulkner Maguire, 1994). More research can be conducted, in order to examine the complexity of the doctor-patient relationship and how it is affected by the patient’s psychological condition or the presence of a relative, how the patients benefit from a good doctor-patient relationship and an effective consultation and finally how the health care professionals can prepare for consultation with cancer patients. REFERENCES Bragard, I., Razavi,, D., Marschal, S., Delvaux, N., Libert, Y., Reynaert, C., Boniver, J., Klatstersky, J., Scalliet, P., Etienne, A. M., (2006). Teaching communication and stress management skills to junior physicians dealing with cancer patients: a Belgian Interuniversity Curriculum. Support Care Cancer, 14, 454-461. Beck, R. S., Daughtridge, R., Sloane, P. D., (2002). Physician-Patient Communication in the Primary Care Office: A systematic Review. Journal of the American Board of Family Practice, 15, 25-38. Bennet, G., (1979). Patients and their doctors: The journey through medical care. London: Bailliere Tindall. Buckman, R., (1984). Breaking bad news: why is it still so difficult? British Medical Journal, 288, 1597-1599. Chapman, K., Abraham, C., Jenkins, V., Fallowfield, L., (2003). Lay Understanding of Terms used in Cancer Consultation. Psycho-Oncology, 12, 557-566. Delvaux, N., Merckaert, I., Marchal, S., Libert, Y., Conradt, S., Boniver, J., Etienne, A. M., Fontaine, O., Janne, P., Klastersky, J., Melot, C., Reynaert, C., Scalliet, P., Slachmuylder, J. L., Razavi, D., (2005). Physicians’ Communication with a cancer patient and a relative. Cancer, 103(11), 2397-2411. Dowsett, S. M., Saul, J. L., Buttow, P. N., Dunn, S. M., Boyer, M. J., Findlow, R., Dunsmore, J., (2000). Communication styles in the cancer consultation: Preferences for a patient-centered approach. Psycho-Oncology, 9, 147-156. Fallowfield, L. J., Hall, A., Maguire, G. P., Baum, M., (1990). Psychological Outcomes of different treatment policies in women with early breast cancer outside a clinical trial. BMJ, 301,575-580. Fallowfield, L., Jenkins, V., (1999). Effective Communication skills are the Key to Good Cancer Care. European Journal of Cancer, 35(11), 1592-1597. Faulkner, A., Maguire, P., (1994). Talking to Cancer Patients and their Relatives. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Fujimori, M., Uchitomi, Y., (2009). Preferences of Cancer Patients regarding communication of bad news: A systematic literature review. Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology, 39(4), 201-216. Kessels, R. P. C., (2003). Patients’ memory for medical information. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 96, 219-222. Labrecque, M. S., Blanchard, C. G., Ruckdeschel, J. C., Blanchard, E. B., (1991). The impact of family presence on the physician-cancer patient interaction. Social Sciences Medicine, 33(11),1253-1261. Leigh, H., Reiser, M. F., (1985). The Patient: Biological, Psychological, and Social Dimensions of Medical Practice (2nd ed.). London: Plenum Medical Book Company. Lienard, A., Merckaert, I., Libert, Y., Delvaux, N., Marchal, S., Boniver, J., Etienne, A. M., Klastersky, J., Reynaert, C., Scalliet, P., Slachmuylder, J. L., Razavi, D., (2008). Factors that influence cancer patients’ and relatives’ anxiety following a three-person medical consultation: impact of a communication skills training program for physicians. Psycho-Oncology, 17, 488-496. Lin, C. C., Lai, Y. L., Ward, S. E., (2003). Effect of Cancer Pain on Performance Status, Mood States, and Level of Hope Among Taiwanese Cancer Patients. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 25(1), 29-37. Maguire, P., (1999). Improving Communication with Cancer Patients. European Journal of Cancer,35(10), 1415-1422. Maguire, P., Faulkner, A., Regnard, C., (1993). Managing the anxious patient with advanced disease a flow diagram. Palliative Medicine, 8, 76-81. Messer, D., Meldrum, C., (1995). Psychology for Nurses and Health Care Professionals. London: Prentice Hall/Harvester Wheatsheaf. Molleman E., Krabbendam, P. L., Annyas, A. A., Koops, H. S., Sleufer, D. T., Vermey, A., (1984). The Significance of the Doctor-Patient relationship in coping with cancer. Social Sciences Medicine, 18(16), 475-480. Morrison, P., (1994). Understanding Patients. London: Bailliere Tindall. Ong, L. M. L., De Haes, J. C. J. M., Hoos, A. M., Lammes, F. B., (1995). Doctor-Patient communication: A review of the literature. Social Science Medicine, 40(7), 903-918. Ong, L. M. L., Visser, M. R. M., Lammes, F. B., De Haes, J. C. J. M., (2000). Doctor-Patient communication and cancer patients’ quality of life and satisfaction. Patient Education and Counseling,41, 145-156. Pendleton, D., Hasler, J., (1983). Doctor-Patient Communication. London: Academic Press, INC. Stewart, M. A., (1995). Effective Physician-Patient Communication and Health Outcomes: A Review. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 152(9), 1423-1433. Stimson, G., Webb, B., (1975). Going to See the Doctor: The Consultation Process in General Practice. London: Routledge Kegan Paul Ltd. Suinn, R. M., VandenBos, G. R., (2000). Cancer Patients and their Families: Readings on Disease Course, Coping and Psychological Interventions. Washington DC: American Psychological Association. Usherwood, T., (1999). Understanding the Consultation: Evidence, Theory and Practice. Buckingham: Open University Press.

Kathleen Norris Dakota :: Kathleen Norris Dakota

Kathleen Norris' Dakota Kathleen Norris uses small town society to illustrate a much larger phenomenon that occurs in America: The obstruction of truth in the name of progress and patriotism. Norris makes an example of a small Dakota town, the old families ingrained in local society who act as somewhat of a censorship committee, silently fixing the past's blunders and bad dreams so not to discourage themselves or the younger generation: A good story is one that isn't demanding, that proceeds from A to B, and above all doesn't remind us of the bad times, the cardboard patches we used to wear in our shoes, the failed farms, the way people you love just up and die. It tells us instead that hard work and perseverance can overcome all obstacles; it tells lie after lie, and the happy ending is the happiest lie of all. (85) Norris mentions the "progress model" and "linear narrative" used in the telling of history. People in Dakota don't want to hear about the countless generations before them who also failed at farming, the once thriving town that are now abandoned completely. They don't want to hear about anybody who failed, or anything bad that happened at all unless things turned out OK in the end. People have a need to hear fixed history to give them a false sense of hope. Even though many of them know it's false, they're willing to accept the fable as truth before facing a painful past. The larger repercussions of this form of history, is that it misses out on the larger purpose of history. The most important part of history to be told truthfully is the bad part. Imagine our history glazing over Hitler as a crazy guy who acted alone, and forced everybody in Germany to go along with his plan. We need to hear the story that regular people were pulled into his mentality, that random Joe's were converted into Jew-hating murderers. Unfortunately, American history does have a habit of covering up its history for the sake of offering its younger generations a progress model. In a book titled Lies My Teacher Told Me, James Loewen shows how the progress model mode of history telling has covered up many important events in American history to the point that children in public education are graduating high school with extremely warped views of history.